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2. The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel to the Close of the Old Testament.
a
931 | Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:11). | |||
929 | Zimri. Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10). | |||
925 | Omri. Reigned alone 6 years (1 Kings 16:23). | |||
924 | Samaria made the capital (1 Kings 16:24). Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings 20:34). | |||
II. Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to B.C. 883. | 918 | Ahab (1 Kings 16:29,31). Son of Omri. He changed the state religion, and so "made a prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods. Reigned 22 years. Prophets: Elijah and Micaiah. | Ethbaal, king Tyre and Sido Ben-hadad II., king of Damascus. | |
Johoshaphat (1 Kings 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years. Prophets: Eliezer and Jahaziel. | 915 | |||
900 | Homer flourished. | |||
900 | Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37). | |||
898 | Ahaziah (1 Kings 22:51, 52). Son of Ahab. | Lycurgus in Sparta. |
931 | Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:11). | |||
929 | Zimri. Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10). | |||
925 | Omri. Reigned alone 6 years (1 Kings 16:23). | |||
924 | Samaria made the capital (1 Kings 16:24). Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings 20:34). | |||
II. Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to B.C. 883. | 918 | Ahab (1 Kings 16:29,31). Son of Omri. He changed the state religion, and so "made a prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods. Reigned 22 years. Prophets: Elijah and Micaiah. | Ethbaal, king Tyre and Sido Ben-hadad II., king of Damascus. | |
Johoshaphat (1 Kings 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years. Prophets: Eliezer and Jahaziel. | 915 | |||
900 | Homer flourished. | |||
900 | Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37). | |||
898 | Ahaziah (1 Kings 22:51, 52). Son of Ahab. | Lycurgus in Sparta. |
931 | Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:11). | |||
929 | Zimri. Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10). | |||
925 | Omri. Reigned alone 6 years (1 Kings 16:23). | |||
924 | Samaria made the capital (1 Kings 16:24). Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings 20:34). | |||
II. Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to B.C. 883. | 918 | Ahab (1 Kings 16:29,31). Son of Omri. He changed the state religion, and so "made a prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods. Reigned 22 years. Prophets: Elijah and Micaiah. | Ethbaal, king Tyre and Sido Ben-hadad II., king of Damascus. | |
Johoshaphat (1 Kings 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years. Prophets: Eliezer and Jahaziel. | 915 | |||
900 | Homer flourished. | |||
900 | Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37). | |||
898 | Ahaziah (1 Kings 22:51, 52). Son of Ahab. | Lycurgus in Sparta. |
o n
Reigned 2 years. Prophet: Elisha. | ||||
897 | Jehoram or Joram. Son of Ahab (2 Kinds 3:2). The last king of the house of Omri. War against Mesha (2 Kings 3:4- 27). Was put to death by Jehu (2 Kings 9:1-23; comp. 1 Kings 21:21), after reigning 12 years. | |||
Jehoram (2 Kings 8:16; 2 Chronicles 21:11-13). Son of Jehoshaphat. His reign was one of the darkest and most unfortunate in Judean history (2 Chronicles 21:12-20). reigned as sole ruler 8 years. | 892 | |||
Ahaziah . Youngest son of Jehoram and Athalia (2 Kings 8:25; 2 Chronicles 22:1-3). Was put to death by Jehu (2 Kings 9:24; comp. 2 Chronicles 22:9), after reigning 1 year. | 884 | Hazael of Syria | ||
III. Renewal of mutual hostilities , and gradual decline of both kingdoms (B.C. 993 to B.C. 588). | Athaliah (2 Kings 11:3). Daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. Usurped the throne, and reigned 6 years. The last survivor of the house of Omri. Was put to death by Jehoiada. | 883 | Jehu (2 Kings 10:36). Son of Nimshi. With him began the most powerful and the longest lived of all the Israelite dynasties. Reigned 28 years. Prophet: Jonah. | |
Joash or Jehoash (2 Kings 11:4; 12:1). Son of Ahaziah and Zibia. Was slain on his sick-bed in the castle of Milo. reigned 40 years. Prophet : Joel | 877 | Pygmalion, ki of Tyre. | ||
869 | Carthage founded by Dido, the Phoenician queen, 143 yea after the building of the temple. |
855 | Jehoahaz (2 Kings 13:1). Eldest son of Jehu. ravages of the Syrians. Reigned 17 years. | |||
Syrians invade Judah. | 840 | |||
839 | Joash or Joash (2 Kings 13:10) Defeats the Syrians thrice. Conquers Judah. Reigned 16 years. | |||
Amaziah (2 Kings 14:1). Son of Joash and Jehoaddan. Conquers Edom. Defeat at Beth-shemesh (2 Kings 14:13). Reigned 29 years. | 838 | Death of Elisha (2 Kings 13:14). | Ben-hadad III., king of Syria. | |
823 | Jeroboam II. (2 Kings 14:23). Son of Joash. The greatest of all the kings of Samaria. Reigned 41 years. | |||
820 | Empire of the Medes founde by Arbaces. | |||
814 | Kingdom of Macedon founded by Caranus. | |||
Uzziah or Azariah (2 Kings 15:1, 2). Son of Amaziah and Jecholiah. Reigned 52 years. Prophet: Amos. | 809 | |||
784 | Interregnum. A period of anarchy of 11 years and some months. Prophet: Hosea. | |||
776 | The Grecian er Computation b Olympiads, periods of 4 years, begins. | |||
771 | Zachariah (2 Kings 15:8). Son of Jeroboam II. Slain by Shallum, Reigned 6 months. | |||
770 | Shallum (2 Kings 15:13). Reigned 1 month. | Pul, king of Assyria. |
770 | Menahem (2 Kings 15:17). Israel invaded by Pul. Menahem becomes a vassal of Assyria (2 Kings 15:19). | |||
761 | Pekahiah. Son of Menahem (2 Kings 15:23-26). Reigned 2 years. | |||
Jotham (2 Kings 15:32, 33). Son of Uzziah and Jerusha. Reigned 16 years. Prophets: Micah and Isaiah. | 759 | Pekah (2 Kings 15:27, 28). Forms an alliance with Rezin. War with Judah. The kingdom attacked by Tiglath-pileser. Reigned 20 years. | ||
752 | Foundation of Rome | |||
747 | Nabonassar, king of Babylo Rezin, king of Syria. | |||
Ahaz (2 Kings 16:1). Son of Jatham. The party in Jerusalem in favor of an alliance with Assyria predominates (2 Kings 16:7). Reigned 16 years. Prophets: Isaiah and Oded. | 742 | Tiglath-pileser king of Assyri | ||
740 | Interregnum of 9 years. | |||
735 | Syracuse founded. | |||
747 | Nabonassar, king of Babylo Rezin, king of Syrain. | |||
Ahaz (2 Kings 16:1). Son of Jotham. The party in Jerusalem in favor of an alliance with Assyria predominates (2 Kings 16:7). reigned 16 years. Prophets: Isaiah and Oded. | 742 | Tiglath-pileser king of Assyri | ||
740 | Interregnum of 9 years. | |||
734 | Syracuse founded. | |||
730 | Hosea (2 Kings s17:1). Son of Elah. Enters into an alliance with So, king of Egypt. |
The last and best king of Israel. Reigned 9 years. | ||||
727 | Shalmaneser IV succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary. | |||
Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years. Prophets: Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum. | Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon. | |||
Kingdom of Judah | Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries | |||
705 | Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib. | |||
681 | Sennacherib murdered and succeeded his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37) | |||
608 - 626 | Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. | |||
666 - 612 | Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. | |||
Amon (2 Kings 21:19). Was murdered after a reign of 2 years. Prophet: Nahum. | 642 | |||
Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion. | 640 629 625 | Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father Nebuchadnezzar, independent in Babylon. | ||
Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years. Prophets: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah. | 621 |
The last and best king of Israel. Reigned 9 years. | ||||
727 | Shalmaneser IV succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary. | |||
Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years. Prophets: Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum. | Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon. | |||
Kingdom of Judah | Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries | |||
705 | Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib. | |||
681 | Sennacherib murdered and succeeded his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37) | |||
608 - 626 | Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. | |||
666 - 612 | Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. | |||
Amon (2 Kings 21:19). Was murdered after a reign of 2 years. Prophet: Nahum. | 642 | |||
Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion. | 640 629 625 | Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father Nebuchadnezzar, independent in Babylon. | ||
Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years. Prophets: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah. | 621 |
The last and best king of Israel. Reigned 9 years. | ||||
727 | Shalmaneser IV succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary. | |||
Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years. Prophets: Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum. | Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon. | |||
Kingdom of Judah | Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries | |||
705 | Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib. | |||
681 | Sennacherib murdered and succeeded his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37) | |||
608 - 626 | Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. | |||
666 - 612 | Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. | |||
Amon (2 Kings 21:19). Was murdered after a reign of 2 years. Prophet: Nahum. | 642 | |||
Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion. | 640 629 625 | Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father Nebuchadnezzar, independent in Babylon. | ||
Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years. Prophets: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah. | 621 |
b
Jehoahaz or Shallum (2 Chronicles 3:15). Josiah's third son. "Did evil in the sight of the Lord." Reigned 3 months, when he was deposed by Necho, who took him to Egypt (2 Kings 23:33). | 612 - 596 609 | Necho II., king of Egypt. Necho II. on his way to assail the Babylonians at Carchemish, encounter and defeated the army of Josiah near Megiddo (q.v.). Josiah was fatally wounded (2 Chronicles 35:24), and Palestine became tributary to Egypt. | |
Jehoiakim or Eliakim. Josiah's second son. Made king by Necho (2 Kings 23:36). Judah becomes tributary to Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24:1). | 609 | ||
Commencement of the 70 year's captivity. | 606 | Nebuchadnezzar overcame the powerf army of the Egyptians, under Necho II at Carchemish (Jeremiah 46:8-21), on t Middle Euphrates. Syria and Palestin now became tributary to Babylon (2 Kings 24:1). Daniel and other noble a royal youths are taken captive to Babylon. | |
Jehoiakim, despite the warnings of Jeremiah, rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar who marched at the head of a large army into Syria and besieged Jerusalem. Jehoiakim was put to death, and Jehoiachin was placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar. | 602 | ||
Jehoiachin (Jeconiah or Coniah). Being suspicious of Jehoiachin's loyalty, Nebuchadnezzar led an army against Jerusalem and plundered it, carrying away many captives (2 Kings 24:10-16), among whom were the king and all his household. He placed Mattaniah on the vacant throne, giving him the name of Zedekiah. Second conquest of Jerusalem. Reigned 3 months. | 599 |
Mattaniah (Zedekiah). He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15). Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years. Prophet: Ezekiel. | 599 | ||
596 - 591 | Psammetichus II., king of Egypt. | ||
594 | Solon at Athens | ||
591 - 572 | Hophra, king of Egypt. | ||
Gedaliah. Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles 36:21; Zechariah 7:14). | 588 | ||
Palestine. | Rome | ||
562 | Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4 years, and is succeeded by his son Evi merodach. | ||
558 | Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus. | ||
559 | Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la succeeds Evil-merodach. | ||
555 | Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar command at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus. | ||
538 | During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazz was slain, the empire passing to the |
Mattaniah (Zedekiah). He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15). Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years. Prophet: Ezekiel. | 599 | ||
596 - 591 | Psammetichus II., king of Egypt. | ||
594 | Solon at Athens | ||
591 - 572 | Hophra, king of Egypt. | ||
Gedaliah. Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles 36:21; Zechariah 7:14). | 588 | ||
Palestine. | Rome | ||
562 | Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4 years, and is succeeded by his son Evi merodach. | ||
558 | Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus. | ||
559 | Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la succeeds Evil-merodach. | ||
555 | Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar command at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus. | ||
538 | During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazz was slain, the empire passing to the |
Mattaniah (Zedekiah). He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15). Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years. Prophet: Ezekiel. | 599 | ||
596 - 591 | Psammetichus II., king of Egypt. | ||
594 | Solon at Athens | ||
591 - 572 | Hophra, king of Egypt. | ||
Gedaliah. Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles 36:21; Zechariah 7:14). | 588 | ||
Palestine. | Rome | ||
562 | Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4 years, and is succeeded by his son Evi merodach. | ||
558 | Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus. | ||
559 | Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la succeeds Evil-merodach. | ||
555 | Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar command at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus. | ||
538 | During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazz was slain, the empire passing to the |
l
Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus maki him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions. | ||
Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of the first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion. | 536 | Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia 44:28). |
Rebuilding of the temple begun. | 535 | |
Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10- 12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple. | 534 | |
529 | Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6). | |
The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius. | 515 | |
490 | Battle of Marathon. | |
486 | Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther). | |
483 | In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from t disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther). | |
480 | Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. | |
The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them. | 479 | Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale. |
478 | Esther made queen. | |
466 | Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus). | |
Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8). | 457 | |
Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah. | 446 | |
Nehemiah returns to persia. | 433 | |
Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses. | 432 | |
431 | Peloponnesian War begins. | |
432 | Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens. | |
Death of Nehemiah | 413 | |
Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old | 354 | Demosthenes. |
Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus maki him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions. | ||
Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of the first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion. | 536 | Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia 44:28). |
Rebuilding of the temple begun. | 535 | |
Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10- 12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple. | 534 | |
529 | Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6). | |
The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius. | 515 | |
490 | Battle of Marathon. | |
486 | Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther). | |
483 | In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from t disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther). | |
480 | Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. | |
The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them. | 479 | Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale. |
478 | Esther made queen. | |
466 | Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus). | |
Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8). | 457 | |
Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah. | 446 | |
Nehemiah returns to persia. | 433 | |
Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses. | 432 | |
431 | Peloponnesian War begins. | |
432 | Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens. | |
Death of Nehemiah | 413 | |
Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old | 354 | Demosthenes. |
Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus maki him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions. | ||
Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of the first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion. | 536 | Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia 44:28). |
Rebuilding of the temple begun. | 535 | |
Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10- 12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple. | 534 | |
529 | Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6). | |
The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius. | 515 | |
490 | Battle of Marathon. | |
486 | Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther). | |
483 | In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from t disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther). | |
480 | Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. | |
The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them. | 479 | Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale. |
478 | Esther made queen. | |
466 | Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus). | |
Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8). | 457 | |
Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah. | 446 | |
Nehemiah returns to persia. | 433 | |
Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses. | 432 | |
431 | Peloponnesian War begins. | |
432 | Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens. | |
Death of Nehemiah | 413 | |
Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old | 354 | Demosthenes. |
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h
Testament cannon. | ||
Temple built on Gerizim by the Samaritans | 322 | Alexander the Great takes the city of Tyre. |