931

Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:11).

929

Zimri.

Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10).

925

Omri.

Reigned alone 6

years (1 Kings

16:23).

924

Samaria made the capital (1 Kings

16:24).

Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings

20:34).

II.

Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to

B.C. 883.

918

Ahab (1 Kings

16:29,31). Son of

Omri. He changed the state religion, and so "made a prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods.

Reigned 22 years.

Prophets: Elijah and Micaiah.

Ethbaal, king Tyre and Sido Ben-hadad II., king of Damascus.

Johoshaphat (1 Kings 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years.

Prophets: Eliezer and

Jahaziel.

915

900

Homer flourished.

900

Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37).

898

Ahaziah (1 Kings

22:51, 52).

Son of Ahab.

Lycurgus in Sparta.

931

Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:11).

929

Zimri.

Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10).

925

Omri.

Reigned alone 6

years (1 Kings

16:23).

924

Samaria made the capital (1 Kings

16:24).

Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings

20:34).

II.

Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to

B.C. 883.

918

Ahab (1 Kings

16:29,31). Son of

Omri. He changed the state religion, and so "made a prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods.

Reigned 22 years.

Prophets: Elijah and Micaiah.

Ethbaal, king Tyre and Sido Ben-hadad II., king of Damascus.

Johoshaphat (1 Kings 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years.

Prophets: Eliezer and

Jahaziel.

915

900

Homer flourished.

900

Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37).

898

Ahaziah (1 Kings

22:51, 52).

Son of Ahab.

Lycurgus in Sparta.

931

Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:11).

929

Zimri.

Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10).

925

Omri.

Reigned alone 6

years (1 Kings

16:23).

924

Samaria made the capital (1 Kings

16:24).

Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings

20:34).

II.

Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to

B.C. 883.

918

Ahab (1 Kings

16:29,31). Son of

Omri. He changed the state religion, and so "made a prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods.

Reigned 22 years.

Prophets: Elijah and Micaiah.

Ethbaal, king Tyre and Sido Ben-hadad II., king of Damascus.

Johoshaphat (1 Kings 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years.

Prophets: Eliezer and

Jahaziel.

915

900

Homer flourished.

900

Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37).

898

Ahaziah (1 Kings

22:51, 52).

Son of Ahab.

Lycurgus in Sparta.

Reigned 2 years.

Prophet: Elisha.

897

Jehoram or Joram. Son of Ahab (2 Kinds 3:2). The last king of the house of Omri. War against Mesha (2 Kings 3:4- 27). Was put to death by Jehu (2 Kings 9:1-23; comp.

1 Kings 21:21), after

reigning 12 years.

Jehoram (2 Kings 8:16; 2

Chronicles 21:11-13). Son of Jehoshaphat. His reign was one of the darkest and most unfortunate in Judean history (2 Chronicles 21:12-20). reigned as sole ruler 8 years.

892

Ahaziah .

Youngest son of Jehoram and Athalia (2 Kings 8:25;

2 Chronicles 22:1-3). Was put to death by Jehu (2 Kings 9:24; comp. 2

Chronicles 22:9), after

reigning 1 year.

884

Hazael of Syria

III.

Renewal of mutual hostilities

, and gradual decline of both kingdoms (B.C. 993

to B.C.

588).

Athaliah (2 Kings 11:3). Daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. Usurped the throne, and reigned 6 years. The last survivor of the house of Omri. Was put to death by Jehoiada.

883

Jehu (2 Kings

10:36).

Son of Nimshi. With him began the most powerful and the longest lived of all the Israelite dynasties. Reigned 28 years.

Prophet: Jonah.

Joash or Jehoash (2 Kings 11:4; 12:1).

Son of Ahaziah and Zibia. Was slain on his sick-bed in the castle of Milo. reigned 40 years.

Prophet : Joel

877

Pygmalion, ki of Tyre.

869

Carthage founded by Dido, the Phoenician queen, 143 yea after the building of the temple.

855

Jehoahaz (2 Kings

13:1).

Eldest son of Jehu. ravages of the Syrians. Reigned 17 years.

Syrians invade Judah.

840

839

Joash or Joash (2 Kings 13:10) Defeats the Syrians thrice. Conquers Judah. Reigned 16 years.

Amaziah (2 Kings 14:1). Son of Joash and Jehoaddan. Conquers Edom. Defeat at Beth-shemesh (2 Kings

14:13). Reigned 29 years.

838

Death of Elisha (2 Kings 13:14).

Ben-hadad III., king of Syria.

823

Jeroboam II. (2

Kings 14:23). Son of Joash. The greatest of all the kings of Samaria. Reigned 41 years.

820

Empire of the Medes founde by Arbaces.

814

Kingdom of Macedon founded by Caranus.

Uzziah or Azariah (2 Kings 15:1, 2).

Son of Amaziah and Jecholiah. Reigned 52 years. Prophet: Amos.

809

784

Interregnum.

A period of anarchy of 11 years and some months.

Prophet: Hosea.

776

The Grecian er Computation b Olympiads, periods of 4 years, begins.

771

Zachariah (2 Kings

15:8).

Son of Jeroboam II. Slain by Shallum, Reigned 6 months.

770

Shallum (2 Kings

15:13).

Reigned 1 month.

Pul, king of Assyria.

770

Menahem (2 Kings

15:17).

Israel invaded by Pul. Menahem becomes a vassal of Assyria (2 Kings

15:19).

761

Pekahiah.

Son of Menahem (2 Kings 15:23-26).

Reigned 2 years.

Jotham (2 Kings 15:32,

33).

Son of Uzziah and Jerusha. Reigned 16 years.

Prophets: Micah and Isaiah.

759

Pekah (2 Kings

15:27, 28).

Forms an alliance with Rezin. War with Judah. The kingdom attacked by Tiglath-pileser.

Reigned 20 years.

752

Foundation of Rome

747

Nabonassar, king of Babylo Rezin, king of Syria.

Ahaz (2 Kings 16:1).

Son of Jatham. The party in Jerusalem in favor of an alliance with Assyria predominates (2 Kings

16:7). Reigned 16 years.

Prophets: Isaiah and Oded.

742

Tiglath-pileser king of Assyri

740

Interregnum of 9 years.

735

Syracuse founded.

747

Nabonassar, king of Babylo Rezin, king of Syrain.

Ahaz (2 Kings 16:1).

Son of Jotham. The party in Jerusalem in favor of an alliance with Assyria predominates (2 Kings

16:7). reigned 16 years.

Prophets: Isaiah and Oded.

742

Tiglath-pileser king of Assyri

740

Interregnum of 9 years.

734

Syracuse founded.

730

Hosea (2 Kings s17:1).

Son of Elah. Enters into an alliance with So, king of Egypt.

The last and best king of Israel.

Reigned 9 years.

727

Shalmaneser IV succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary.

Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years.

Prophets: Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum.

Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon.

Kingdom of Judah

Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries

705

Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib.

681

Sennacherib murdered and succeeded his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37)

608

- 626

Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II.

666

- 612

Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II.

Amon (2 Kings 21:19).

Was murdered after a reign of 2 years.

Prophet: Nahum.

642

Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion.

640

629

625

Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father Nebuchadnezzar, independent in

Babylon.

Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years.

Prophets: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah.

621

The last and best king of Israel.

Reigned 9 years.

727

Shalmaneser IV succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary.

Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years.

Prophets: Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum.

Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon.

Kingdom of Judah

Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries

705

Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib.

681

Sennacherib murdered and succeeded his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37)

608

- 626

Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II.

666

- 612

Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II.

Amon (2 Kings 21:19).

Was murdered after a reign of 2 years.

Prophet: Nahum.

642

Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion.

640

629

625

Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father Nebuchadnezzar, independent in

Babylon.

Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years.

Prophets: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah.

621

The last and best king of Israel.

Reigned 9 years.

727

Shalmaneser IV succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary.

Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years.

Prophets: Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum.

Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon.

Kingdom of Judah

Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries

705

Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib.

681

Sennacherib murdered and succeeded his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37)

608

- 626

Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II.

666

- 612

Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II.

Amon (2 Kings 21:19).

Was murdered after a reign of 2 years.

Prophet: Nahum.

642

Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion.

640

629

625

Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father Nebuchadnezzar, independent in

Babylon.

Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years.

Prophets: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah.

621

Jehoahaz or Shallum (2 Chronicles 3:15).

Josiah's third son. "Did evil in the sight of the Lord." Reigned 3 months, when he was deposed by Necho, who took him to Egypt (2 Kings 23:33).

612

- 596

609

Necho II., king of Egypt.

Necho II. on his way to assail the Babylonians at Carchemish, encounter

and defeated the army of Josiah near Megiddo (q.v.). Josiah was fatally wounded (2 Chronicles 35:24), and Palestine became tributary to Egypt.

Jehoiakim or Eliakim.

Josiah's second son. Made king by Necho (2 Kings 23:36). Judah becomes tributary

to Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24:1).

609

Commencement of the 70 year's captivity.

606

Nebuchadnezzar overcame the powerf army of the Egyptians, under Necho II at Carchemish (Jeremiah 46:8-21), on t Middle Euphrates. Syria and Palestin now became tributary to Babylon (2 Kings 24:1). Daniel and other noble a

royal youths are taken captive to

Babylon.

Jehoiakim, despite the warnings of Jeremiah, rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar who marched at the head of a large army into Syria and besieged Jerusalem. Jehoiakim was put to death, and Jehoiachin was placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar.

602

Jehoiachin (Jeconiah or Coniah).

Being suspicious of Jehoiachin's loyalty, Nebuchadnezzar led an army against Jerusalem and plundered it, carrying away many captives (2 Kings 24:10-16), among whom were the king and all his household. He placed Mattaniah on the vacant throne, giving him the name of Zedekiah. Second conquest of Jerusalem. Reigned 3 months.

599

Mattaniah (Zedekiah).

He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15).

Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years.

Prophet: Ezekiel.

599

596

- 591

Psammetichus II., king of Egypt.

594

Solon at Athens

591

- 572

Hophra, king of Egypt.

Gedaliah.

Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles

36:21; Zechariah 7:14).

588

Palestine.

Rome

562

Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4 years, and is succeeded by his son Evi merodach.

558

Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus.

559

Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la succeeds Evil-merodach.

555

Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar command at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus.

538

During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazz was slain, the empire passing to the

Mattaniah (Zedekiah).

He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15).

Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years.

Prophet: Ezekiel.

599

596

- 591

Psammetichus II., king of Egypt.

594

Solon at Athens

591

- 572

Hophra, king of Egypt.

Gedaliah.

Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles

36:21; Zechariah 7:14).

588

Palestine.

Rome

562

Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4 years, and is succeeded by his son Evi merodach.

558

Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus.

559

Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la succeeds Evil-merodach.

555

Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar command at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus.

538

During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazz was slain, the empire passing to the

Mattaniah (Zedekiah).

He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15).

Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years.

Prophet: Ezekiel.

599

596

- 591

Psammetichus II., king of Egypt.

594

Solon at Athens

591

- 572

Hophra, king of Egypt.

Gedaliah.

Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles

36:21; Zechariah 7:14).

588

Palestine.

Rome

562

Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4 years, and is succeeded by his son Evi merodach.

558

Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus.

559

Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la succeeds Evil-merodach.

555

Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar command at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus.

538

During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazz was slain, the empire passing to the

Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus maki him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions.

Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of the first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion.

536

Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia

44:28).

Rebuilding of the temple begun.

535

Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10-

12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple.

534

529

Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6).

The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius.

515

490

Battle of Marathon.

486

Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther).

483

In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from t disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther).

480

Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis.

The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them.

479

Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale.

478

Esther made queen.

466

Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus).

Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8).

457

Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah.

446

Nehemiah returns to persia.

433

Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses.

432

431

Peloponnesian War begins.

432

Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens.

Death of Nehemiah

413

Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old

354

Demosthenes.

Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus maki him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions.

Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of the first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion.

536

Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia

44:28).

Rebuilding of the temple begun.

535

Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10-

12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple.

534

529

Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6).

The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius.

515

490

Battle of Marathon.

486

Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther).

483

In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from t disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther).

480

Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis.

The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them.

479

Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale.

478

Esther made queen.

466

Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus).

Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8).

457

Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah.

446

Nehemiah returns to persia.

433

Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses.

432

431

Peloponnesian War begins.

432

Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens.

Death of Nehemiah

413

Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old

354

Demosthenes.

Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus maki him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions.

Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of the first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion.

536

Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia

44:28).

Rebuilding of the temple begun.

535

Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10-

12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple.

534

529

Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6).

The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius.

515

490

Battle of Marathon.

486

Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther).

483

In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from t disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther).

480

Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis.

The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them.

479

Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale.

478

Esther made queen.

466

Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus).

Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8).

457

Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah.

446

Nehemiah returns to persia.

433

Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses.

432

431

Peloponnesian War begins.

432

Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens.

Death of Nehemiah

413

Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old

354

Demosthenes.

Testament cannon.

Temple built on Gerizim by the Samaritans

322

Alexander the Great takes the city of Tyre.